## Replication materials for "Did 3G Make Afghan Insurgents Fight More Effectively? A Disaggregated Study"

**Mehmet Erdem ARSLAN**

November 2025

### File directory:

-   Figure1.R: code for producing Figure 1
-   Figure2.R: code for producing Figure 2
-   Spatial_regressions.R: code for replicating spatial regression analyses
-   Matched_wake_analyses.R: code for replicating matched wake analyses
-   Reporting_bias_diagnostics.R: code for replicating the analyses in Appendix C
-   Heterogeneous_effetcs.R: code for replicating the analyses in Appendix E
-   R: Folder for data files and custom R functions
    -   Functions.R: functions for linear combination test, producing coefficient tables for presenting results, calculating AIC
    -   Custom_functions_for_mwa.R: producing tables and plots for detailed results
    -   mwa_modified.R: original mwa.R script from mwa package, modified to include cem arguments when calculating imbalance 
    -   Figure1.RData: data for Figure 1
    -   Figure2.RData: data for Figure 2
    -   mwa_data.RData: data for Matched Wake Analyses
    -   Spatial_regressions.RData: data for spatial regression analyses
    -   Heterogeneous_effects.rds: data for the analyses in Appendix E
    -   Reporting_bias_diagnostics.RData: data for the analyses in Appendix C

### Codebook

#### Dataset for spatial regressions

-   id: Admin2 (district) unit id
-   time: quarter
-   all: number of insurgent attacks (source: Global Terrorism Database - GTD)
-   crd: number of coordinated attacks (source: GTD)
-   ied: number of IED (improvised explosive device) attacks (source: GTD)
-   alt: number of coordinated attacks, coded using alternative definition (Appendix G)
-   two: proportion of the area covered by 2G network
-   three: proportion of the area covered by 3G network
-   lag.two: proportion of the area covered by 2G network, lagged for one quarter
-   lag.three: proportion of the area covered by 3G network, lagged for one quarter
-   Wtwo: spatial lag for 2G network coverage
-   Wthree: spatial lag for 3G network coverage
-   troops: troop presence (binary)
-   lag.troops: troop presence, lagged for one quarter
-   two.bin: binary variable for 2G network coverage (mean value as cutpoint)
-   three.bin: binary variable for 3G network coverage (mean value as cutpoint)
-   lag.two.bin: binary variable for 2G network coverage, lagged for one quarter
-   lag.three.bin: binary variable for 3G network coverage, lagged for one quarter
-   Wtwo.bin: spatial lag for the binary 2G network coverage variable
-   Wthree.bin: spatial lag for the binary 3G network coverage variable
-   total_area: size of the admin2 unit

#### Datasets for Matched Wake Analyses

-   timestamp: timestamp of the event
-   lat: latitude
-   lon: longitude
-   id: Admin2 (district) unit id
-   type: type of the event for MWA analyses
    -   "control"
    -   "treatment"
    -   "dependent"
-   nl_1km: night time lights, 1km resolution
-   nl_4km: night time lights, 4km resolution
-   pop_1km: population, 1km resolution
-   pop_4km: population, 4km resolution
-   elev_1km: elevation above sea level, 1km resolution
-   elev_4km: elevation above sea level, 1km resolution
-   dist: distance from the province capital
-   troops: troop presence

#### Session Info

```{r}
R version 4.2.2 (2022-10-31)
Platform: x86_64-apple-darwin17.0 (64-bit)
Running under: macOS Monterey 12.7.1

Matrix products: default
LAPACK: /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.2/Resources/lib/libRlapack.dylib

locale:
[1] en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/C/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8

attached base packages:
[1] tcltk     grid      stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     

other attached packages:
 [1] spatialreg_1.2-6       Matrix_1.5-1           spData_2.2.1           xtable_1.8-4          
 [5] mwa_0.4.5              MASS_7.3-58.1          rJava_1.0-6            cem_1.1.31            
 [9] lattice_0.20-45        gridExtra_2.3          texreg_1.38.6          marginaleffects_0.21.0
[13] fixest_0.12.1          ggpubr_0.6.0           ggplot2_3.4.1          sf_1.0-9              
[17] tmaptools_3.1-1        tmap_3.3-3             tidyr_1.3.0            dplyr_1.1.0           
[21] plm_2.6-2              splm_1.6-5   

```




